Los Angeles (pronounced: /lɒs ˈændʒələs/ ; , Spanish for "the angels") is the largest city in the state of California and the second largest in the United States. Often known by its initials, L.A., and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over 498.3 sqmi in Southern California. Additionally, the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana metropolitan area is home to nearly 12.9 million residents. Los Angeles is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most diverse counties in the United States. Its inhabitants are known as "Angelenos" (IPA: /ændʒɨˈliːnoʊz|/). In 2008, Los Angeles was named the world's eighth most economically powerful city by Forbes.com, ahead of Shanghai and Toronto but behind New York and London. Los Angeles was founded September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Angeles del Río de Porciúncula (The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of the river of Porziuncola). It became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its independence from Spain. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican-American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States; Mexico retained the territory of Baja California. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. (via Wikipedia)